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Conversion and Dissociative Disorders

2024/05/20

What are Conversion and Dissociative Disorders

Conversion disorder, also known as functional neurological symptom disorder, is a mental condition in which an individual experiences neurological or physical symptom that cannot be explained by neurological or medical causes. There is usually an underlying psychological cause to the physical symptoms. These symptoms often cause impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning in one’s life.

Dissociative disorders are conditions that involve involuntary escape from reality and are often associated with disruptions/ breakdowns of memory, awareness, identity, or perception.

There are different types of dissociative disorders, including:

Dissociative identity disorder – Disruption of identity, resulting in two or more distinct personality states.
Dissociative amnesia – An inability to recall important autobiographical information, usually of a traumatic nature
Depersonalisation/Derealisation disorder – Experiences of unreality and detachment with respect to one’s thoughts, feelings, sensations, body, or actions (depersonalisation) or surroundings (derealisation).

Symptoms

Symptoms of conversion disorder include:

Weakness or paralysis
Abnormal physical movement
Swallowing difficulties
Speech difficulties
Seizures
Sensory loss or disturbances

In general, symptoms of dissociative disorders include:

Significant memory loss of specific times, people, and events (dissociative amnesia)
Out-of-body experiences
A sense of detachment from one’s emotions (depersonalisation/ derealisation disorder)
A lack of sense of self-identity

Treatment

Cognitive behavioural therapy to develop skills to better manage stressful situations and symptoms
Stress reduction and distraction techniques
Physiotherapy or occupational therapy to help to improve one’s ability to function (for conversion disorder)